Marine and coastal ecosystems, which include natural assets such as marine living resources and a range of important habitats or features, such as mangroves, coral reefs, sea grass beds, coastal tidal marshes, seamounts, thermal vents and cold water corals, are crucial for human well-being and sustainable development. They provide humans with food, water, medicines, construction materials, energy, transport, shoreline stabilization, coastline protection and erosion prevention, climate regulation, oxygen production, maintenance of biodiversity, as well as recreation, aesthetic, cultural, religious and spiritual services. Marine and coastal ecosystems act as carbon sinks absorbing annually about one-fourth of the total annual anthropogenic emissions of carbon …
University of Kelaniya
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